References - Whistleblowing in the Mining Sector: In the Tension Field of Individual Decision-Making, Organizational Loyalty, and Societal Transparency

Web­source

European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2019). Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law. (Official Journal of the European Union). Retrieved by https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32019L1937 (last accessed 2026-02-27).

European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2024). Directive (EU) 2024/1760 on corporate sustainability due diligence (CSDDD). (Official Journal of the European Union). Retrieved by https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202401760 (last accessed 2026-02-27).

Eisenhammer, Stephen (2019, Febuary 12). Exclusive: Brazil miner Vale knew deadly dam had heightened risk of collapse. (Online). Retrieved by https://www.reuters.com/article/business/environment/exclusive-brazil-miner-vale-knew-deadly-dam-had-heightened-risk-of-collapse-idUSKCN1Q0284/ (last accessed 2026-02-27).

Estep, Bill (2013, March 15). Whistleblower should not be punished in Kentucky mine safety-violations case, state panel rules. (Online). Retrieved by https://www.kentucky.com/news/state/kentucky/article44410863.html (last accessed 2026-02-27).

Hill, Jenny (2019, 18 July). Brazil dam: How German firm approved Brazil dam before it burst. (Online). Retrieved by https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48948775 (last accessed 2026-02-27).

Plumb, Christian (2019, November 5). Vale CEO received anonymous email warning ahead of Brazil dam disaster - congress report. (Online). Retrieved by https://www.reuters.com/article/world/vale-ceo-received-anonymous-email-warning-ahead-of-brazil-dam-disaster-congres-idUSKBN1XF0BY/ (last accessed 2026-02-27).

Phillips, Dom (2019, February 6). 'That's going to burst': Brazilian dam workers say they warned of disaster. (Online). Retrieved by https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/06/brazil-dam-collapse-workers-say-they-warned-owners (last accessed 2026-02-27).

Literature

Annakin, L. (2011). In the public interest or out of desperation? The experience of Australian whistleblowers reporting to accountability agencies (Doctoral dissertation, University of Sydney). University of Sydney.

Boles, J. R., Eisenstadt, L. F., & Pacella, J. M. (2025). Protecting the protectors: Whistleblowing and retaliation in the compliance arena. American Business Law Journal, 62, 23–44. Bussmann, K.-D. (2022). Whistleblowing culture: Was ist das? Erkenntnisse aus internationalen Befragungen. Compliance-Berater, 19, 376–386.

Bussmann, K.-D. (2024). Die Compliance-Culture-Selbsttäuschung: Follow-up Compliance-Mitarbeiterbefragungen – Ein Praxisbeispiel. Compliance-Berater, 4, 200–213.

Ferreira, C. M., Guimarães, V. O. G., Castro, P. M. G., & Petesse, M. L. (2024). Mining disaster in Brumadinho (Brazil): Social vulnerability from the perspective of the fisherman community. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 112, Article 104814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104814

Filho, C. R. M., do Valle Junior, R. F., de Melo Silva, M. M. A. P., Mendes, R. G., de Souza Rolim, G., Pissarra, T. C. T., de Melo, M. C., Valera, C. A., Pacheco, F. A. L., & Fernandes, L. F. S. (2023). The accuracy of land use and cover mapping across time in environmental disaster zones: The case of the B1 tailings dam rupture in Brumadinho, Brazil. Sustainability, 15(8), 6949. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086949

Fotaki, M., Kenny, K., & Vandekerckhove, W. (2019). The whistleblowing guide: Speak-up arrangements, challenges and best practices. John Wiley & Sons.

Herold, N. (2016). Whistleblower – Entscheidungsfindung, Meldeverhalten und kriminologische Bewertung. Nomos.

Herold, N. (2018). Zur Kontroll-Funktionalität von Whistleblowing-Systemen im Lichte aktueller empirischer Erkenntnisse. In K. Boers & M. Schaerff (Eds.), Kriminologische Welt in Bewegung (Neue kriminologische Schriftenreihe der Kriminologischen Gesellschaft e. V.; Bd. 117, pp. 228–242). Forum Verlag Godesberg.

Herold, N. (2022a). Whistleblowing als Individualphänomen: Faktoren und Prozesse der Mitteilungsentscheidung. In R. Kölbel (Ed.), Whistleblowing, Band 1: Stand und Perspektiven der empirischen Forschung (pp. 51–106). C. F. Müller.

Herold, N. (2022b). Whistleblowing als Organisationsphänomen: Aufkommen und Folgen von internem Whistleblowing. In R. Kölbel (Ed.), Whistleblowing, Band 1: Stand und Perspektiven der empirischen Forschung (pp. 107–134). C. F. Müller.

Herold, N. (2025). Compliance, Whistleblowing und das Prinzip des Ehrbaren Kaufmanns. In M. Passarge (Ed.), Festschrift 100 Jahre PRO HONORE e. V. – 100 Jahre Compliance (pp. 177–139). Fachmedien Recht und Wirtschaft.

Herold, N., & Kölbel, R. (2015). Wirtschaftskontrolle durch Whistleblowing? Empirische Befunde zu Entscheidungsprozessen von Hinweisgebern. Neue Kriminalpolitik, 27(4), 375–387. Hinweisgeberschutzgesetz (HinSchG), 2. Juni 2023, BGBl. I Nr. 140 (Deutschland).

International Organization for Standardization. (2021). ISO 37002:2021: Whistleblowing management systems — Guidelines. ISO.

Jubb, P. B. (1999). Whistleblowing: A restrictive definition and interpretation. Journal of Business Ethics, 21, 77–94.

Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz (LkSG), 16. Juli 2021, BGBl. I S. 2959 (Deutschland).

Miceli, M. P., & Near, J. P. (1985). Organizational dissidence: The case of whistleblowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 4(1), 1–16.

Rotta, L. H. S., Alcântara, E., Park, E., Negri, R. G., Lin, Y. N., Bernardo, N., Mendes, T. S. G., & Filho, C. R. S. (2020). The 2019 Brumadinho tailings dam collapse: Possible cause and impacts of the worst human and environmental disaster in Brazil. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 90, 102119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102119

Lumbroso, D., Davison, M., Body, R., & Petkovšek, G. (2021). Modelling the Brumadinho tailings dam failure, the subsequent loss of life and how it could have been reduced. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 21, 21–37. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-21-2021

Munhoz, L. (2019). The Brazilian Brumadinho mining disaster: Environmental regulation on debate. Natural Resources & Environment, 34(2), 37–41.

Sieira, A., Benincá, D., Bortolli, L., & Ortigao, A. F. C. (2024). Revisiting Brumadinho dam failure: A methodology study. European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, 9, 16–24. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2024.9.3.3170

Vandekerckhove, W. (2022). Is it freedom? The coming about of the EU Directive on whistleblower protection. Journal of Business Ethics, 179, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04966-5